The process by which information on genetic disorders is given to a family and supporting them in making their own decisions.
The above is one of several definitions which highlight that patients and healthcare practitioners may hold differing believes as to what 'genetic counselling' should entail. Professor Sir Peter Harper in his book "Practical Genetic Counselling" has identified what he considers the main elements of genetic counselling:
- Diagnostic and clinical aspects - Documentation of family and pedigree information - Recognition of inheritance patterns and risk estimation - Communication and empathy with those seen - Information on available options and further measures - Support in decision-making and for decisions made
It is universally acknowledged that the ability to communicate satisfactorily and sensitively is a key skill when giving genetic counselling. It is also generally accepted that genetic counselling should be conducted in a non-directive and non-judgmental way, particularly ensuring that the health professional's own beliefs do not influence the content of the consultation and the management options offered to a family. The importance of non-directiveness lies in allowing the decisions to be taken by the individuals involved, not by the person giving genetic counselling. It may be important to stress that there is no "right" or "wrong" decision - the decision should be the one most appropriate for the particular situation of the individual or couple.
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